Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Young Adults and Middle-Aged Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Main Article Content

Hooriya Fatima
Sadia Ahmad
Naz Fatima
Husna Ahmad
Nadeem Sheikh

Abstract

Background: Hypertension has become a prevalent condition among young adults and middle-aged people, driven by genetic and environmental factors.


Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on young adults and middle-aged individuals from a private sector University of the city. A total of 202 participants were included in the study, with the majority being female of the age range 22 to 24 years.


Results: The findings indicate that 76.4% of the participants had a family history of hypertension, exhibiting early symptoms of high blood pressure. Unhealthy dietary pattern high salt and fat intake by female than male may be attributed to fatigue, and stress, leading to the initial symptoms of the hypertension. However, among males smoking was associated with stress hypertension.


Conclusion: Unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary, lifestyle, smoking are the factors that contributes to the development of early onset of hypertension that may lead to CVD if remains unattended.

Article Details

How to Cite
Fatima, H., Ahmad, S., Fatima, N., Ahmad, H., & Sheikh, N. (2024). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Young Adults and Middle-Aged Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Albus Scientia, 2024(2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.56512/AS.2024.2.e241223
Section
Articles

References

Afreen, A., Khan, M. N., Nousheen, R., Shehzad, S. K., Atiq-ur-Rehman, & Rana, F. S. (2019). Prevalence of hypertension in younger population according to new ACC guidelines 2017. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 69(S3), S476-480. https://doi.org/https://www.pafmj.org/PAFMJ/article/view/3566

Arciero, P. J., Ives, S. J., Mohr, A. E., Robinson, N., Escudero, D., Robinson, J., Rose, K., Minicucci, O., O’Brien, G., Curran, K., Miller, V. J., He, F., Norton, C., Paul, M., Sheridan, C., Beard, S., Centore, J., Dudar, M., Ehnstrom, K., … Yarde, A. (2022). Morning exercise reduces abdominal fat and blood pressure in women; evening exercise increases muscular performance in women and lowers blood pressure in men. Frontiers in Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.893783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.893783

Bae, E. H., Lim, S. Y., Jung, J. H., Oh, T. R., Choi, H. S., Kim, C. S., Ma, S. K., Han, K. Do, & Kim, S. W. (2021). Chronic kidney disease risk of isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension in young adults: A nationwide sample based-cohort study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019764 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019764

Hamrahian, S. M., & Falkner, B. (2022). Approach to hypertension in adolescents and young adults. In Current Cardiology Reports, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-021-01632-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-021-01632-x

Kurnianto, A., Kurniadi Sunjaya, D., Ruluwedrata Rinawan, F., & Hilmanto, D. (2020). Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among Indonesian adolescents. International Journal of Hypertension, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4262034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4262034

Li, A. le, Peng, Q., Shao, Y. qin, Fang, X., & Zhang, Y. ying. (2021). The interaction on hypertension between family history and diabetes and other risk factors. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83589-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83589-z

Luo, D., Cheng, Y., Zhang, H., Ba, M., Chen, P., Li, H., Chen, K., Sha, W., Zhang, C., & Chen, H. (2020). Association between high blood pressure and long-term cardiovascular events in young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The BMJ, 370. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3222

Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. In Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2

Nagao, T., Nogawa, K., Sakata, K., Morimoto, H., Morita, K., Watanabe, Y., & Suwazono, Y. (2021). Effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on the onset of hypertension in a long-term longitudinal study in a male workers’ cohort. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211781

Riaz, M., Shah, G., Asif, M., Shah, A., Adhikari, K., & Abu-Shaheen, A. (2021). Factors associated with hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(1 January). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246085

Saputri, M. I., Muniroh, L., & Paramita, S. (2020). Correlation between fat consumption, smoking habit, and stress with hypertension among drivers. Media Gizi Indonesia, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i3.152-158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i3.152-158

Shahbaz, S. A. Z., Abbas, W., Nazar, M. S., Umar, A., Tariq, M. A., Ijaz ul Haq, & Junaid, M. (2023). Evaluation of hypertension awareness among general population in Bahawalpur, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.60 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.60

Siddique, S. (2020). Asian management of hypertension: Status, home blood pressure, and specific concerns in Pakistan. In Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13778

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update. World Health Organization, 133(March).

Most read articles by the same author(s)